Indexed Tax Tables and QCD Limits for 2025
The federal tables below include the values applicable when determining federal taxes for 2025. They are published in Revenue Procedure 2024-40. The QCD limits are published in Notice 2024-80.
Federal Income Tax Schedules
Schedule X: Single Individuals
| Taxable Income* | Tax | % on Excess |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $0 | 10 |
| 11,925 | 1,192.50 | 12 |
| 48,475 | 5,578.50 | 22 |
| 103,350 | 17,651 | 24 |
| 197,300 | 40,199 | 32 |
| 250,525 | 57,231 | 35 |
| 626,350 | 188,769.75 | 37 |
* Taxable income is equal to gross income minus deductions.
Example: Joan Smith, a single individual, has gross income of $110,000 in 2025. She has no dependents and claims a standard deduction because she lacks sufficient itemized deductions. Her taxable income is $95,000: $110,000 - $15,000 standard deduction. Her tax is $15,814: $5,578.50 + .22 x ($95,000 - $48,475).
Schedule Y-1: Married Filing Jointly and Surviving Spouses
| Taxable Income* | Tax | % on Excess |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $0 | 10 |
| 23,850 | 2,385 | 12 |
| 96,950 | 11,157 | 22 |
| 206,700 | 35,302 | 24 |
| 394,600 | 80,398 | 32 |
| 501,050 | 114,462 | 35 |
| 751,600 | 202,154.50 | 37 |
* Taxable income is equal to gross income minus deductions.
Example: John and Joan Smith, a married couple who file jointly, have gross income of $250,000 in 2025. They claim a standard deduction because they lack sufficient itemized deductions. Their taxable income is $220,000: $250,000 - $30,000 standard deduction. Their tax is $38,494: $35,302 + .24 x ($220,000 - $206,700).
Schedule Y-2: Married Individuals Filing Separately
| Taxable Income* | Tax | % on Excess |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $0 | 10 |
| 11,925 | 1,192.50 | 12 |
| 48,475 | 5,578.50 | 22 |
| 103,350 | 17,651 | 24 |
| 197,300 | 40,199 | 32 |
| 250,525 | 57,231 | 35 |
| 375,800 | 101,077.25 | 37 |
* Taxable income is equal to gross income minus deductions.
Example: Joan Smith, who is married and files separately from her husband, has gross income of $120,000 in 2024. She has no dependents and claims a standard deduction because she lacks sufficient itemized deductions. Her taxable income is $105,000: $120,000 - $15,000 standard deduction. Her tax is $18,047: $17,651 + .24 x ($105,000 - $103,350).
Schedule Z: Heads of Households
| Taxable Income* | Tax | % on Excess |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $0 | 10 |
| 17,000 | 1,700 | 12 |
| 64,850 | 7,442 | 22 |
| 103,350 | 15,912 | 24 |
| 197,300 | 38,460 | 32 |
| 250,500 | 55,484 | 35 |
| 626,350 | 187,031.50 | 37 |
* Taxable income is equal to gross income minus deductions.
Example: Joan Smith, who files as a head of household, has gross income of $120,000 in 2025. She has no dependents and claims a standard deduction because she lacks sufficient itemized deductions. Her taxable income is $97,500: $120,000 - $22,500 standard deduction. Her tax is $14,625: $7,442 + .22 x ($97,500 - $64,850).
Federal Income Tax Table: Estates and Trusts
| Taxable Income* | Tax | % on Excess |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | $0 | 10 |
| 3,150 | 315 | 24 |
| 11,450 | 2,307 | 35 |
| 15,650 | 3,777 | 37 |
* Taxable income is equal to gross income minus deductions.
Federal Income Tax Table: Estates and Trusts
January 1, 2025 - December 31, 2025
| Seller Had Owned the Asset for 1 Year or More | Taxpayer Filing Status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single | Married Filing Jointly | Head of Household | Married Filing Separately | |
| 0% rate | <$48,350 | <$96,700 | <$64,750 | <$48,350 |
| 15% rate | $48,350-$533,400 | $96,700-$600,050 | $64,750 -$566,700 | $48,350-$300,000 |
| 20% rate (a) | >$533,400 | >$600,050 | >$566,700 | >$300,000 |
| Seller Had Owned the Asset for Less than 1 Year | Seller pays same tax rate as on earned income. | |||
Note: The rate is 28% for long-term gains from sales of art works and other collectibles.
(a) Tax on capital gain will include the 3.8% net investment income tax when the seller’s MAGI exceeds the applicable threshold. This tax is likely to apply to sellers in the 20% capital gain tax bracket, which would increase their effective rate to 23.8%.
Standard Deduction
| Married filing jointly and surviving spouses | Married Filing Separately | Head of Household | Single |
|---|---|---|---|
| $30,000 | $15,000 | $22,500 | $15,000 |
Single filers age 65 or older who are not surviving spouses may increase their standard deduction by $2,000 and married filing jointly filers may increase their standard deduction by $1,600 for each spouse age 65 or older. The same increases are available for filers who are legally blind.
Unified Gift and Estate Tax Credit
| Amount of Credit | Amount of Exemption Equivalent |
|---|---|
| $5,541,800 | $13,990,000 |
Annual Gift Tax Exclusion
The annual gift tax exclusion for 2025 is $19,000.
The federal annual gift tax exclusion equals $10,000 per person, indexed from 1998 and rounded down to the nearest $1,000.
Generation Skipping Tax Lifetime Exemption
The generation skipping tax lifetime exemption for 2025 is $13,990,000.
QCD Limits
| QCD Type | Limit in 2025 |
|---|---|
| Annual limit on outright gifts | $108,000 |
| One-time limit* on life income gifts | $54,000 |
* A donor can use QCDs to fund life income gifts in one tax year only. The donor can fund more than one life income gift in that year, so long as the total of all QCDs of this kind are no greater than the limit on life income gifts shown in the table. QCDs that fund life income gifts count toward the annual limit on outright gifts.
